CARTHAMUS RED
Safflower Yellow
CAS: 36338-96-2
Molecular Formula: C43H42O22
CARTHAMUS RED - Names and Identifiers
CARTHAMUS RED - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C43H42O22 |
| Molar Mass | 910.79 |
| Density | 1.882±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted) |
| Melting Point | 228-230° (dec) |
| Boling Point | 1255.2±65.0 °C(Predicted) |
| Flash Point | 375.5°C |
| Vapor Presure | 0mmHg at 25°C |
| pKa | 4.50±1.00(Predicted) |
| Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
| Refractive Index | 1.859 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Safflower yellow is a deep red to deep purple crystal or powder. Melting point 238K:. Slightly odorous. Very difficult to dissolve in water, soluble in dilute alkali solution, slightly soluble in ethanol. Almost insoluble in ether. |
| Use | Widely used in the coloring of soda, candy, cakes, ice cream, canned food, etc |
CARTHAMUS RED - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. |
| Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. |
CARTHAMUS RED - Reference Information
| pharmacokinetics | The study showed that the plasma concentration-time curve of rats with HSYA was bimodal, it is speculated that HSYA is degraded in the gastrointestinal tract and bile efflux effect exists; Oral absorption of HSYA is poor, 20~50 min to reach the highest blood concentration (Cmax), absolute bioavailability (F) 1.2%. The bioavailability of HSYA was improved after compatibility. For example, the absorption of HSYA is slightly faster and the area under the curve (AUC) is significantly increased when the Safflower extract is administered to the stomach than when the safflower yellow pigment is administered to the stomach, it is concluded that the non-chalcone components in Safflower extract affect the absorption of HSYA in safflower yellow. cmax,AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ of HSYA in rats were significantly higher than those in HSYA monomer group and Safflower extract group. |
| metabolism | the detection and structural identification of prototype drugs and their metabolites in the body are the basis for revealing the effective substances of traditional Chinese medicine. After tail vein injection of HSYA in rats, 18 metabolites were detected, including 4 in plasma, 9 in urine and 5 in feces. The metabolic reactions were mainly reduction, hydrolysis, methylation, deglycosylation, glucuronidation and sulfonylation, etc. After intragastric administration of Safflower extract, 17 HSYA-related metabolites were identified in rat plasma and urine, including 6 in plasma and 11 in urine. HSYA first undergoes hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond in the rat to provide a aglycone followed by further binding to a glucuronic acid group and/or a sulfonyl group, polyhydroxy chalcone-type and 4-hydroxycinnamic acid-type Phase II metabolites are generated, in which polyhydroxy chalcone-type metabolites are more than 4-hydroxycinnamic acid-type metabolites. In addition, Li JR et al. found that glutathione conjugates and sulfate conjugates could also be detected in bile after intragastric administration of HSYA aqueous solution in rats. |
| distribution | The study found that after oral administration of safflower water extract and safflower yellow pigment, HSYA in heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain and gastrointestinal tract are distributed, but only in the gastrointestinal tract and lung content is higher than the limit of quantification, can be determined. HSYA is widely distributed in mice after tail vein injection of Carthamus tinctorius freeze-dried powder injection. The order of AUC in different organs is blood, kidney, liver, lung, heart and spleen, however, it was not detected in the brain, which may be due to the greater polarity of HSYA and the difficulty in penetrating the blood-brain barrier. After intravenous injection of HSYA in rats with cerebral ischemia, HSYA can be detected in brain tissue, which may be caused by the destruction of blood-brain barrier or the increase of permeability after cerebral ischemia, there was no difference in the distribution of HSYA in different parts of brain tissue. After multiple administration, the distribution of HSYA in different parts of brain tissue was different, with the highest distribution in cerebellum and the lowest in cortex. In addition, the researchers found that the activity of HSYA, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was significantly increased in the brain tissue of rats with traumatic brain injury, it is suggested that HSYA can enter the brain tissue of rats with traumatic brain injury and has a neuroprotective effect on traumatic brain injury. |
| Use | edible red color. widely used in the coloring of soda, candy, cakes, ice cream, cans, etc. |
| production method | The residue after extracting the safflower yellow pigment from the dried petals of the Asteraceae plant Carthamus tinctorius with water, then the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or other alkali is extracted, acid precipitation is added, separation, filtration and drying are obtained. The yield was 0.7% ~ 0.8% of dried flowers. An edible grade dextrin or the like may be added as a carrier. |
Last Update：2024-04-09 20:52:54
